Illumination

The later Saxon schools—Bernward of Hildesheim—Tuotilo and Hartmut of St. Gallen—Portrait of Henry II. in MS. 40 at Munich—Netherlandish and other work compared—Alleged deterioration of work under the Franconian Emperors not true—Bad character of the eleventh century as to art—Example to the contrary.

No. Name. Where Produced. Where Kept. Date. Remarks. 1 Syriac Gospels Zagba, in Mesopotamia Laur. Lib., Florence c. 586 Shows Byzantine influence. 2 Gospel-book (f.) Byzantium Brit. Mus., Add. 5111 6th cent. Lettering, etc., on gold ground. 3 Menologium „ Vat.

Capitals, yet not pure.

The Vatican Vergil, No. 3225, throughout (Birch, p. 14; Silvestre's Paléographie universelle, pl. 74).

The “Manual”—Its discovery—Its origin and contents—Didron's translation—The “Compendium” of Theophilus—Its contents—English version by Hendrie—Benedictine and Cistercian illumination—How they differ—Character of monastic architects and artists.

No. Name. Where Produced. Where Kept. Date. Remarks. 1 Gospels of St. Columba ...... Trin. Coll., Dublin 7th cent.   2 Gospels of St. Arnoul, of Metz St. Arnoul's Abbey, Metz Nuremberg Museum „   3 Book of St. Columbanus ...... Roy.

Rustic and Uncial.

The Montamiata Bible (Birch, 35; Wailly, pl. 2, 4).

Rustic and Minuscule.

The Cambridge Gospels (Westwood, Palæograph. Sacra Pictoria, pl. 45).

Uncials.

Germany the chief power in Europe in the twelfth century—Rise of Italian influence—The Emmeram MSS.—Coronation of Henry II.—The Apocalypse—The “Hortus Deliciarum”—Romanesque—MS. of Henry the Lion—The Niedermünster Gospels—Description of the MS.—Rise of Gothic—Uncertainty of its origin—The spirit of the age.

No. Name. Where Produced. Where Kept. Date. Remarks. 1 Sacramentary Abbey of Gellone Nat. Lib., Paris, MS. Lat. 12048 c. 750 Symbolism. Given by Ct. William of Toulouse. 2 Ada-Codex Abbey of St. Mesmin, of Trèves Municip. Lib., Trèves c. 775 Written for Ada, sister of Charlemagne, Abbess of St.

Uncials and Minuscule.

The St. Chad's Gospels in library of Lichfield Cathedral (Palæograph. Soc., pl. 20, 21, 35).

The Gothic spirit—A “Zeitgeist” not the invention of a single artist nor of a single country—The thirteenth century the beginning of the new style—Contrast between North and South, between East and West, marked in the character of artistic leaf-work—Gradual development of Gothic foliage—The bud of the thirteenth century, the leaf of the fourteenth, and the flower of the fifteenth—The Freemasons—Illumination transferred from the monastery to the lay workshop—The Psalter of St.